Artificial Light at Night, Higher Brain Functions and Associated Neuronal Changes: An Avian Perspective

In recent times, there has been an unprecedented increase in usage of electrical lightning. This led to artificial light at night (ALAN), and it suggested as a source environmental pollution. ALAN exposure reported be associated with disruption daily rhythms serious health consequences, such immune, metabolic, cognitive dysfunctions both birds mammals. Given the worldwide pervasiveness ALAN, this research topic is also important from ecological perspective. birds, timings appropriate temporal niches are for fitness survival. Daily wide array functions regulated by circadian clock(s) endogenous oscillators present body. There accumulating evidence that disrupts clock-regulated suppresses melatonin sleep birds. Circadian clock, melatonin, regulate avian performance. However, limited on topic, most insights adverse effects behavioural studies. Nevertheless, these results raise intriguing question about molecular underpinning ALAN-induced negative consequences brain functions. Further should focused links between performance, including role which could shed mechanism exposures lead consequences.